People were successfully responded to the most significant eruption in history without any fatalities, by doing less than 2 hours. Comments should be civil in tone and relevant in content. . 1,700 people were killed and a further 600 people were injured or burned. The ejection of water from the crater lake during the typically short but violent eruptions has created pyroclastic flows and lahars that have caused widespread fatalities and destruction. Managing Editor: Richard Wunderman. [5] Please feel free to comment. The incident was reported by the West Australian (Perth) newspaper and the Sydney Morning Herald (14 February). Millions of Indonesians are currently living on volcanoes and civil infrastructures are progressively developing on their slopes. Seismicity at Kelut volcano during January and into 13 February 2014. . Mount Kelud is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia, located on the country's most densely populated island of Java. The eruption sent volcanic ash covering an area of about 500 kilometres (310mi) in diameter, with the total ejectus estimated at 120,000,000 to 160,000,000 cubic metres (4.2109 to 5.7109cuft) being a VEI 4 eruption. The vast majority of those died in lahars (volcanic debris flows) triggered by the eruption. Kelud, an active stratovolcano in East Java, Indonesia, is one of the most active volcanoes in the region, with 30 eruptions on recorded history. The Head of the Malang Disaster Mitigation Agency, Hafi Lutfi, said rain had triggered landslides that damaged several sections of mountain road. Kelud volcano (also spelled Kelut) is one of East Java's most active volcanoes. [29] By February 20 most businesses and attractions which had closed owing to the ashfall had reopened, although cleaning operations were still ongoing. In 1919, a powerful explosion that reportedly could be heard hundreds of miles away killed at least 5,160 people. [33], On 14 February 2014, major tourist attractions in Yogyakarta and Central Java, including Borobudur, Prambanan and Ratu Boko, were closed to visitors, after being severely affected by the volcanic ashfall from the eruption of Kelud volcano a day earlier, in East Java, located around 200 kilometers east from Yogyakarta. Atlantis Press now part of Springer Nature is a professional publisher of scientific, technical & medical (STM) proceedings, journals and books. 8 people were killed and 26 others were injured. CALIOP data revealed that the Kelut ash cloud was generally at an altitude of 18-19 km, with some cloud/ash material reaching a maximum height of ~26 km. The 1919 eruption is interesting not only for itself but for the response it generated. Keluts most recent period ofrestlessness occurred in the autumn of 2007 and resulted in evacuations, although there was nolarge-scale eruptive activity. This report discusses the pre- and syn-eruption observations from the early January through 25 February 2014. On May 1, 1919, the volcano Kelud, on the island of Java in Indonesia, erupted. The proceedings and journals on our platform are Open Access and generate millions of downloads every month. It was dark as being covered by cloud resulting from the swift ash rain. Here, we reconstructed the relationship between the repose period. It is not the most recent eruption from Mt. Based on these observations, on 2 February the Alert Level was raised to from 1 to 2 (on a scale with increasing severity in the range 1-4). In fact, scientists say the crater lake currently holding the overheating water was created during the 1919 explosion. 1919 1919519 5,000 195119661990250 [2] 1966 1990 [ ] 19902 7 km 30 An eruption in 1772 caused the northeast flank to collapse producing a catastrophic debris avalanche that destroyed 40 villages and killed nearly 3,000 people. The volcanic eruption in 1586 claimed the lives of more than 10,000 inhabitants. On May 1, 1919, the volcano Kelud, on the island of Java in Indonesia, erupted. About 900 prisoners were trapped in their cells. [15], On 5 November, new columns of smoke and steam erupted from the crater. Filed under: Lahars -- Indonesia -- Kelud Volcano. When the 1919 eruption occurred, this dam proved to be ineffective. A strong and explosive eruption on early February 1990 produced a seven-kilometer-high column of tephra, heavy tephra falls and several pyroclastic flows. Two people were killed when the roofs of their homes collapsed under the weight of the ash and volcanic debris unleashed during an explosive overnight eruption of Java island's Mount Kelud. About 1,200 hectares of agricultural land was destroyed. The disaster agency said tremors were still wracking the volcano, but that scientists didn't expect another major eruption. [8][11] More than 350,000 people lived within 10 kilometres (6.2mi) of the volcano. Kelud vlolcano news. Mount Kelut erupted on May 19th 1919. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Kelud Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with repeated explosive eruptions throughout its history. Your email address will not be published. . In addition, photographs showed that steam continued to rise from the crater through 25 February 2014. The reconstruction of the drainage system was initiated immediately after the 1966 event and it succeeded in limiting the volume of water in the lake to a manageable level. Mount Kelud, which had been rumbling for several weeks, erupted on Thursday evening. Mount Kelud erupted again in 1966, killing more than 200 people. Earthquakes often occurred at 2-8 km depth. 2 (February 2014) Prapanca argued that this was the divine sign that Batara Gurunata has manifest Himself on earth, reincarnated as the Javanese king. Posted in: Kelud (Kelut), Indonesia: 5,115 deaths in May 1919 Indonesia has suffered the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions in modern history such as that of Krakatoa in 1883 that killed at least. [17], But after 48 hours of smoke and ash but no lava, Indonesian officials declared on 8 November that no eruption was immediate. The agency BBTKL-PPM conducted a water . Including an eruption in 1990 and 2007. . 17. Kelud Volcano, Indonesia, 30 October 2011(URL: http://www.oysteinlundandersen.com/Volcanoes/Kelud/Kelud-Volcano-Indonesia-October-2011.html). [8] Many villagers were reported fleeing the area in panic after reports of the eruption. During the twentieth century, Mount Kelud has erupted in 1901, 1910,. Want the full story? This is sufficiently high, and the A-Train data capabilities are sufficiently large to cause great interest, and more refined estimates of height and other parameters are likely to follow. Seismologists monitoring the crater said surface temperatures in Mount Kelud's crater lake rose on 4 November to 60.7C (141.3F) from 43.9C (111.0F) on 3 November. . Mount Kelud eruption of May 1919 was a disastrous event. Unauthorized use is prohibited. ; ~7 deaths and over 100,000 refugees, Indonesian Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation CVGHM, Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, Eruptions, Earthquakes & Emissions Application, Shallow/deep volcanic earthquakes (VB / VA), Deep/local tectonic earthquakes (TJ) (nr-none reported). Mount Kelud's volcanic explosion on the island of east Java, Indonesia, covered the entire region with ash particles, disrupting travel and tourism business, the transportation system and. . CALIPSO flew over the plume deploying CALIOP (a lidar instrument, essentially a laser range finder that creates a profile of clouds and particles in the atmosphere). Kelut is located just S of Surabaya (Surabaja), Indonesia's second largest city (see a map, figure 8 in BGVN 33:03). The city of Yogyakarta, central Java, received approximately 50 mm of fine ashfall from the 13 February 2014 eruption of Kelud volcano in east Java. The plume had spread primarily W of the volcano. Earlier this month, Mt Sinabung in North Sumatra province erupted as authorities. [30] The ash also reportedly reached the western region of Java by February 14 afternoon, where traces of volcanic ash were found in Bandung and surroundings. The eruption was heard 200 km away in Yogyakarta. After more than 5,000 people were killed during an eruption in 1919, an engineering project to drain the crater lake lowered the surface by more than 50 m. The 1951 eruption deepened the crater by 70 m, leaving 50 million cubic meters of water after the damaged drainage tunnels were repaired. The most recent large-scale eruption, in 1990, would certainly have been much more destructive to life and property had the crater lake not been largely drained. Base surge and tsunami inside the Taal lake caldera killed thousands of people living near the. 39, no. [26] 2. Kelud (Klut, Cloot, Kloet, Kloete, Keloed or Kelut) is an active Stratovolcano located in East Java, Indonesia. This blog vlen_t is t with a wich a struct with void* p and size_t length to describe the data // This is a sentinel telling h5pp to expect a vlen type in this struct. Due to the economic and demographic pressures that exist in Indonesia today, it is clearly not possible to prohibit settlement of population around these active volcanoes. More than 30 eruptions have been recorded since 1000 CE. These fatalities at Sinabung stand in contrast to the few fatalities at Kelud volcano in Java during the more powerful singular explosive eruption (VEI 4) of 14 February 2014. Mud and pyroclastic flows from the heated waters of the lake swept over the surrounding agricultural areas of Kediri and Blitar. You may also like: The most devastating earthquakes of all time Getty Images Mount Kelud behaved itself without major eruptions and significant devastation for over three centuries, during which the volcano's crater refilled with water and turned into a crater lake. (1984) "Landslides in Southeast Asia: A State-of-the-Art Report." Midday? As noted above, BNPB reported that a major eruption occurred less than two hours later at 2250, followed by another large explosion at 2330. This eruption has been called as the second lightswere turned on. The volcano continued to emit smoke, with plumes reaching 3,280 feet (1,000m) into the atmosphere. Temperatures decreased slightly when measured on 10 February. Russia. Closer to the volcano, ashfall and tephra blocks 5-8 cm in diameter caused structures to collapse, including schools, homes, and businesses. A cluster of summit lava domes cut by numerous craters has given the summit a very irregular profile. Who buys lion bones? Disaster description. Four people at a highway construction site were killed by a hydrothermal explosion on February 11, 1995. Six people were killed by a pyroclastic flow from an eruption on May 18, 1992. [18], By 12 November, Mount Kelud began spewing lava into its crater lake. Three million people live within fifteen miles of the volcano and more than 5,000 people were killed on the day of the eruption. Only the houses of brick walls that coincided and hand-in-hand were not so damaged, but the walls were broken down, such as the house of the resident master, the district house, the post office, the bank office, the clinic, the hotel, the detention center and the other. Explore their stories. Kelut's eruption. "A mud flow in Padansari village on Thursday [13 February] washed away two houses and two bridges, although no casualties were reported . More like a very fine smoke" The smoke cleared within a few minutes and Craig noted that the pilot announced that "it was a volcanic ash cloud and that 'no one was aware of it in the area.'" A group of photographs taken by Oystein Lund Andersen (2014) during a visit from 22 to 23 February show after-eruption images, including steam rising from the crater area, ash and volcanic bombs deposited 2-5 km from Kelut's crater, and damage to trees and other vegetation by pyroclastic flows (for example, Figures 24 and 25). On Researchgate there is a map of the deposits left by these landslides: The lahars generated by the Mount Kelud eruption in 1919. [40] By early March most of the 12,304 buildings destroyed or damaged during the eruptions had been repaired, at an estimated cost of Rp 55 billion (US$5.5 million). An 18 February BNPB report noted that a total of 7 people in Malang regency had died, and that the ashfall had affected farms, including cattle health and dairy production, and the water supply. The Kelud eruption (East Java, also commonly spelled as Kelut) on 13 February 2014 was one in a long series of recorded eruptions and ash deposits with return times of 15-37 years (with ash deposits in intervening years as well): 1826, 1848, 1864, 1901, 1919, 1951, 1966, 1990 ( Thouret et al., 1998) and a relatively minor event in 2007. [38] Political parties vying for the April elections helped distribute food to victims of the eruptions. 1919 4 Kelud: Indonesia 1919 5,160 Lahars killed over 5,000 people. Riding The Subway? Mud and pyroclastic flows from the heated waters of the lake swept over the surrounding agricultural areas of Kediri and Blitar. The eruptions killed 87 people and buried 3 small villages Tabacn, Pueblo Nuevo and San Lus and affected more than 232 square kilometers (90sqmi) of land. It is the largest recorded eruption in the history of, Effusive eruption resulting in the complete destruction of the municipality of. [32] Significant damage was caused to a variety of manufacturing and agricultural industries. BNPB noted that the lahars flooded five houses and one mosque, and destroyed two homes and one bridge. The volcanic eruption of Mount Pele on Martinique in 1902. Credit: Library of Congress. At approximately 4 am, 22 June it erupted, with a plume of ash and gas reaching between 13,000 m (43,000 ft) and 17,000 m (56,000 ft), passing the tropopause and allowing stratospheric injection of ash and sulfur dioxide. Kelut is notorious among Indonesia's volcanoes for its violent, and often deadly explosive eruptions. The Kelud is an active volcano located in East Java, Indonesia and like many volcanoes in Indonesia, it is one of the large explosive and active volcanoes in the world. It last erupted in 1990, killing dozens. Fruit farmers reportedly lost more than Rp 24 billion ($2 million) in revenue as ash and debris destroyed whole fields of apples, durian and rambutan that were ready for harvest. More than 600people died as a result of the lahar. Volcanic ash from the major eruption in Indonesia shrouded a large swath of the country's . In 1556 its mudflow from an eruption was responsible for 10,000 deaths. This is a list of notable volcanic eruptions in the 16th to 20th centuries with a Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions that resulted in significant damage or fatalities. Filed under: Kelud Volcano (Indonesia) -- Eruption, 1919 De Kloetramp van 20 Mei 1919 (in Dutch; Surabaya: Soerabaasch Handelsblad en Drukkerijen, 1919), by Johan Koning (page images at HathiTrust; US access only) Filed under: Lahars -- Indonesia -- Kelud Volcano This was also one of the worst landslide disasters of the 20th Century. In 1919, a powerful explosion that reportedly could be heard hundreds of miles away. 1919, May 19. How U.S. abortion laws went from nonexistent to acrimonious. Some well-documented examples are the 1990 and 2014 eruptions of Kelud volcano in Indonesia, or the 2015 Calbuco eruption in Chile. We offer world-class services, fast turnaround times and personalised communication. It is part of the A-Train, a constellation of multiple satellites and instruments that follow the same track on polar orbits and cross the equator within seconds to minutes of each other. Kelud Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with repeated explosive eruptions throughout its history. Site. The second major volcanic eruption in as many weeks in Indonesia has killed at least three people and forced the evacuation of tens of thousands on the island of Java, as Mount Kelud spewed ash . An eruption at Mount Kelud killed an estimated 5,000 people on May 19, 1919, largely through hot mudflows called lahars, according to the Natural Disasters Association. February 13th, 2014, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelud&oldid=1146942549, Brand, E.W. More than thirty people were killed. It may be the solution to overfishing. [13] "The eruption isn't over," Saut Simatupang, head of Indonesian Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Agency, said. 9 villages were destroyed, killing at least 1,900 people. ash from the Mt Kelud eruption, and well owners were urged by the agencies BPBD and BLH (the environment agency) to check the cleanliness of their wells. Atlantis Press. Letusan Gunung Kelud tahun 1919 tercatat dalam laporan Carl Wilhelm Wormser (1876-1946), pejabat Pengadilan Landraad di Tulung Agung (masa kolonial Belanda), yang menjadi saksi mata bencana alam tersebut. Kelud. Adapted from Thouret et al, Bull. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The catastrophic lahars from Mount Kelud in 1919. Historians say that an eruption in the 16th century took an estimated 10,000 lives. Smoke rose more than two kilometres (1.2mi; 6,600ft) into the air, and ash dusted several villages around the volcano. This housing complex in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, was covered with ash by an eruption from Mount Kelud on February 14, 2014. News articles reported that flights in and out of seven airports were cancelled or rerouted. ", This page was last edited on 27 March 2023, at 22:10. Apart from the loss of life, the lahars and ashfall caused massive damage to the extensive coffee farms on the flanks of the volcano, and to other agricultural areas. Information At the turn of the 20th century, the town of St. Pierre was known as the "Paris of the Caribbean." Nestled into the northwest coast of the French island of Martinique, it boasted a bustling harbor where ships hauled away precious loads of sugar and rum . This satellite image, acquired 14 February, shows widespread tan atmospheric discoloration from the ash plume. A major eruption on 25 June 1997 caused pyroclastic flows to move at 60100mph, which killed 19 people and destroyed towns. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Do you think that America is destroyed? The crater filled with water during the rainy season.[2][3]. That period of relative peace ended on May 19th, 1919, when Kelud exploded yet once again, in another devastating eruption. Indonesia's Mt. Augustine has had six significant eruptions: 1812, 18831884, 1935, 19631964, 1976, and 1986. Courtesy of CVGHM. [11] Although local inhabitants were ordered to leave their homes in mid-October, many either did not evacuate or returned in the interim. Heres how paradise fought back. The eruptive activity has typically generated deadly lahars, pyroclastic flows and surges that have claimed more than 15,000 lives since 1500 AD and caused widespread fatalities and destruction. In all places the 1919 [9]. There is a really interesting paper about the social impact of this event (Mawiyato and Sasmita 2019) available online, open access. Its 1586 eruption is estimated to have killed 10,000 people; in 1919 more than 5,000 died. Kelud Volcano is among the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, with repeated explosive eruptions throughout its history. Here's what to know about aquaculture. Lava flows killed 70 people and left 800 people homeless. Authorities on the Indonesian island of Java, where the volcano is located, evacuated 100,000 people and closed six airports in the eastern part of the island. One of the challenges for Indonesia is how to use and manage this land resource as well as to minimize the risk to humans and long-term economic effects of future eruptions. 2019. The eruption of volcanoes that have a crater lake such as Kelud Volcano is an explosive eruption from inside the crater Report on Kelud (Indonesia) (Wunderman, R., ed.). The most recent large eruption around 1650 BC was one of the most powerful of Holocene volcanic eruptions, with a VEI normally rated as 6 or 7. Geological setting and eruption history. In Figure 18, a plane, service vehicle, and boarding area are shown covered by ash at Yogyakarta airport, 215 km E of Kelut. Even before the 1919 catastrophe thecolonial authorities recognized the dangerKelut posed and had, in 1905,constructed a dyke intended to protect the nearby city of Blitar. [16], The following day, a lava dome rose through the centre of the crater lake atop the mountain. The slaughter and deportation of, What do you think about Joe Biden? To contact me. Since . Andersen, O.L., 2011 (30 October), Mt. The volcano sits on the island of Java, about 385 miles east of the capital of Jakarta. Kelud's eruptions particularly dangerous; drainage tunnels have been constructed since 1926 to lower the lake's level. The eruption of Kelut (labeled just to the right of the image's center) on 13 February 2014 sent a large plume of ash drifting W across Java and over the Indian Ocean. Klemetti, E., 2014b (13 February), Significant Eruption Started at Indonesia's Kelut (URL: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2014/02/significant-eruption-started-indonesias-kelut/). This major eruption, one of the most deadly of the 20th Century, is estimated to have killed 5,160 people. All rights reserved. . Surono says the eruption in 1919 happened suddenly and was over relatively quickly for a volcano, lasting six to seven hours characteristic of what would happen if Kelud were to erupt now. Kelud as categorized as a volcano with St. Vincent eruption type. Over the first few days, the eruption affected 201,228 people (58,341 . Gunung Kelud 1919. The blast of the eruption was very loud and was reportedly heard up to Kalimantan. More than 30 eruptions have occurred since 1000 AD. An ash column rose to 10-15 km altitude and formed a plume of several 100 km length and width that drifted over the Indian Ocean. Two major issues to be dealt with here are: 1) the impact of the 1919 Kelud eruption and its responses, and 2) the efforts made by the authorities to mitigate the eruption disaster. About 150 million meter cubic has erupted on 13 February 2013 at 22.30. Apple orchards in Batu, East Java, posted losses of up to Rp 17.8 billion, while the dairy industry in the province posted high losses. It said all villages within 6 miles of Kelud -- more than 100,000 people . In May 1919 eruptions ejected water from the lake in seconds, forming hot lahars, and causing 5100 fatalities. Required fields are marked *. See how Muslims celebrate Eid al-Fitr around the world, 'The Odyssey' offers more than just monsters and magic, The forgotten history of cats in the navy. This an after picture of Mt. Figure 17 shows a view of an eruption at 0030 local time on 14 February. . Summary of damage. In: 1st International Conference on Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (ICSSIS 2018). Lahars caused by its crater lake and pyroclastic flows make Mt. The volcano had been dormant for over a century until 1914. Later that day BNPB noted that 76,388 people remained evacuated. During the 19 May 1919 eruption 38 million cubic metres of water was expelled from the crater lake, radiating out through the deep drainage channels and accumulating vast quantities of sediment and volcanic material toproduce fast-movinglahars that inundated over 30 square kilometres of the surrounding countryside. In, Zen, M.T., and Hadikusumo, Djajadi. Eruption of Mount Kelud on island of Java forces more than 100,000 to evacuate. According to an advisory issued by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, ash had reached 13 kilometers (45,000 feet) in altitude, prompting the closure of several airports. [1] Web resources are constantly being moved about and changed, and while all the links featured on this blog were working at the time of posting, I can't guarantee they will always operate as advertised. [8] Following the 1966 eruption, the Ampera Tunnels were built (top and bottom) on the southwestern side of the crater to reduce (not drain completely) the water of the crater lake and thus reduce the lahar hazard. Experts say this has encouraged an illegal trade, potentially endangering South Africas remaining wild lions. At a depth of 15 metres (49ft), the temperature jumped to 66.1C (151.0F) on 4 November from 45.9C (114.6F) on 3 November. Over the past six centuries the 1730m volcano has erupted at least thirty times and has been responsible for approximately15,000 fatalities. . Figures 15 and 16 show satellite images of the plume taken on 13 February 2014. This research has been implemented through documentaries and explorative studies on community practice and relevant parties both before and after emergencies . The underlying problem at Mount Kelud is the presence of a crater lake, which at the time had an estimated volume of 40 million cubic metres. Kelud is a small volcano when compared with Indonesias others but, because of the lake at its summit and the frequency of its eruptions, it has been the source of many of Indonesias deadliest eruptions. A lava dome whichhas grown since the autumn 2007 eruption nowfills the crater lake site (see pictures Universit Libre de Bruxelleshere; h/t to commenter Hawkeye) and has overwhelmed the drainage inlets. [37] Ash from Yogyakarta was disposed in the depressions of fields in four villages located 510 kilometres (3.16.2mi) from Yogyakarta. Klemetti, E., 2014c (24 February), Kelud, Before and After the Eruption (URL: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2014/02/kelud-eruption/). After this very destructive eruption, authorities decided to dig a tunnel and so prevent a repeat of the 1919 tragedy. On 19 and 20 May 1919 a catastrophic eruption occurred on Mount Kelud in East Java, Indonesia. By 0600 on 14 February, BNPB reported that the number of displaced people reached 100,248, but the report also noted that volcanic activity had declined. Two more seismic stations were installed on 16 February, 2-3 km from the crater. All four victims lived within 7 km of Kelut in the regency of Malang, an area that received ashfall up to 20 cm thick. Hot, fast-moving mudflows killed over 5,000 people. The eruption caused many fatalities and large scale devastation. https://doi.org/10.2991/icssis-18.2019.25. During 3-10 February 2014, seismic activity at Kelut was dominated by both shallow and deep volcanic earthquakes; some hypocenters were 3 km below the summit. Table 4. Later analysis found a small low altitude plume as early as 1540 UTC (2240 local time) at Kelut on the MTSAT-1R satellite; this is the earliest reported start time for the eruption. May 1, 1919, a powerful explosion that reportedly could be heard hundreds of miles away killed least... 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The early January through 25 February 2014 cancelled or rerouted: lahars -- Indonesia -- Kelud volcano is among most. Lake caldera killed thousands of people living near the developing on their slopes ) by. Than 5,000 people were killed on the island of Java in Indonesia, with repeated explosive throughout... Mount Pele on Martinique in 1902. Credit: Library of Congress had six eruptions. A State-of-the-Art report. crater through 25 February 2014 and ash dusted several villages around the volcano Indonesia. Scientists didn & # x27 ; s volcanoes for its violent, and kelud volcano eruption 1919, Djajadi //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php title=Kelud!, the following day, a powerful explosion that reportedly could be heard hundreds of miles away, of. St. Vincent eruption type -- more than 100,000 people there is a map of the eruption caused Many and!
kelud volcano eruption 1919