If the chain ends with a self-signed root CA certificate and the -trustcacerts option was specified, the keytool command attempts to match it with any of the trusted certificates in the keystore or the cacerts keystore file. The cacerts keystore file ships with a default set of root CA certificates. The following are the available options for the -exportcert command: {-alias alias}: Alias name of the entry to process. Description. The time to be shifted is nnn units of years, months, days, hours, minutes, or seconds (denoted by a single character of y, m, d, H, M, or S respectively). The keytool command stores the keys and certificates in a keystore. When -rfc is specified, the output format is Base64-encoded PEM; otherwise, a binary DER is created. Otherwise, the password is retrieved as follows: env: Retrieve the password from the environment variable named argument. In many cases, this is a self-signed certificate, which is a certificate from the CA authenticating its own public key, and the last certificate in the chain. The type of import is indicated by the value of the -alias option. Note: All other options that require passwords, such as -keypass, -srckeypass, -destkeypass, -srcstorepass, and -deststorepass, accept the env and file modifiers. The data is rendered unforgeable by signing with the entity's private key. To display a list of keytool commands, enter: To display help information about a specific keytool command, enter: The -v option can appear for all commands except --help. The subject is the entity whose public key is being authenticated by the certificate. If the -rfc option is specified, then the output in the printable encoding format defined by the Internet RFC 1421 Certificate Encoding Standard. For example, suppose someone sends or emails you a certificate that you put it in a file named /tmp/cert. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Apr 17, 2013 at 14:08 Nickolay Olshevsky 13.5k 1 33 47 Note that the input stream from the -keystore option is passed to the KeyStore.load method. The names arent case-sensitive. The following are the available options for the -storepasswd command: {-providerclass class [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by fully qualified class name with an optional configure argument. All the data in a certificate is encoded with two related standards called ASN.1/DER. The following are the available options for the -importkeystore command: {-srckeystore keystore}: Source keystore name, {-destkeystore keystore}: Destination keystore name, {-srcstoretype type}: Source keystore type, {-deststoretype type}: Destination keystore type, [-srcstorepass arg]: Source keystore password, [-deststorepass arg]: Destination keystore password, {-srcprotected Source keystore password protected, {-destprotected}: Destination keystore password protected, {-srcprovidername name}: Source keystore provider name, {-destprovidername name}: Destination keystore provider name, [-destkeypass arg]: Destination key password, {-providerclass class [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by fully qualified class name with an optional configure argument. When-rfc is specified, the keytool command prints the certificate in PEM mode as defined by the Internet RFC 1421 Certificate Encoding standard. If this attempt fails, then the keytool command prompts you for the private/secret key password. Example. If such an attack takes place, and you didnt check the certificate before you imported it, then you would be trusting anything that the attacker signed. You import a certificate for two reasons: To add it to the list of trusted certificates, and to import a certificate reply received from a certificate authority (CA) as the result of submitting a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) to that CA. The following examples describe the sequence actions in creating a keystore for managing public/private key pairs and certificates from trusted entities. The -exportcert command by default outputs a certificate in binary encoding, but will instead output a certificate in the printable encoding format, when the -rfc option is specified. If you have a java keystore, use the following command. This is typically a CA. To import an existing certificate signed by your own CA into a PKCS12 keystore using OpenSSL you would execute a command like: Read Common Command Options for the grammar of -ext. You can use :c in place of :critical. Options for each command can be provided in any order. Error: ==== This step requires Vault Admin credentials using CyberArk authentication, and a restart of PTA services. Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile defined a profile on conforming X.509 certificates, which includes what values and value combinations are valid for certificate fields and extensions. For more information on the JKS storetype, see the KeyStore Implementation section in KeyStore aliases. The CA trust store location. If the -keypass option isnt provided at the command line and the -keypass password is different from the keystore password (-storepass arg), then the user is prompted for it. If the -noprompt option is specified, then there is no interaction with the user. See Certificate Chains. Commands for Importing Contents from Another Keystore. The -sigalg value specifies the algorithm that should be used to sign the CSR. Entries that cant be imported are skipped and a warning is displayed. By default, the certificate is output in binary encoding. In a typical public key crypto system, such as DSA, a private key corresponds to exactly one public key. You will use the Keytool application and list all of the certificates in the Keystore. The CSR is stored in the-file file. To import a certificate from a file, use the -import subcommand, as in. The -keypass value must contain at least six characters. Click System in the left pane. View the certificate first with the -printcert command or the -importcert command without the -noprompt option. method:location-type:location-value (,method:location-type:location-value)*. If the alias doesnt point to a key entry, then the keytool command assumes you are adding a trusted certificate entry. For example, Purchasing. You can use a subset, for example: If a distinguished name string value contains a comma, then the comma must be escaped by a backslash (\) character when you specify the string on a command line, as in: It is never necessary to specify a distinguished name string on a command line. X.509 Version 3 is the most recent (1996) and supports the notion of extensions where anyone can define an extension and include it in the certificate. The following commands creates four key pairs named ca, ca1, ca2, and e1: The following two commands create a chain of signed certificates; ca signs ca1 and ca1 signs ca2, all of which are self-issued: The following command creates the certificate e1 and stores it in the e1.cert file, which is signed by ca2. If a password is not specified, then the integrity of the retrieved information cant be verified and a warning is displayed. This certificate format, also known as Base64 encoding, makes it easy to export certificates to other applications by email or through some other mechanism. The root CA certificate that authenticates the public key of the CA. Because the KeyStore class is public, users can write additional security applications that use it. It protects each private key with its individual password, and also protects the integrity of the entire keystore with a (possibly different) password. A CRL is a list of the digital certificates that were revoked by the CA that issued them. When the -v option appears, it signifies verbose mode, which means that more information is provided in the output. This entry is placed in your home directory in a keystore named .keystore . They dont have any default values. 1 keytool -certreq -keystore test.jks -storepass password -alias leaf -file leaf.csr Now creating the certificate with the certificate request generated above. Signature: A signature is computed over some data using the private key of an entity. For example, you have obtained a X.cer file from a company that is a CA and the file is supposed to be a self-signed certificate that authenticates that CA's public key. A special name honored, used only in -gencert, denotes how the extensions included in the certificate request should be honored. Specify this value as true when a password must be specified by way of a protected authentication path, such as a dedicated PIN reader. If no password is provided, and the private key password is different from the keystore password, the user is prompted for it. All X.509 certificates have the following data, in addition to the signature: Version: This identifies which version of the X.509 standard applies to this certificate, which affects what information can be specified in it. Otherwise, the one from the certificate request is used. However, a password shouldnt be specified on a command line or in a script unless it is for testing, or you are on a secure system. Open an Administrator command prompt. In JDK 9 and later, the default keystore implementation is PKCS12. The CA trust store as generated by update-ca-certificates is available at the following locations: As a single file (PEM bundle) in /etc/ssl/certs/ca . The following are the available options for the -changealias command: Use the -changealias command to move an existing keystore entry from -alias alias to a new -destalias alias. The signer, which in the case of a certificate is also known as the issuer. With the certificate and the signed JAR file, a client can use the jarsigner command to authenticate your signature. If the public key in the certificate reply matches the user's public key already stored with alias, then the old certificate chain is replaced with the new certificate chain in the reply. Use the -storepasswd command to change the password used to protect the integrity of the keystore contents. The command reads the request from file. A certificates file named cacerts resides in the security properties directory: Oracle Solaris, Linux, and macOS: JAVA_HOME/lib/security. If it detects alias duplication, then it asks you for a new alias, and you can specify a new alias or simply allow the keytool command to overwrite the existing one. Passwords can be specified on the command line in the -storepass and -keypass options. To view a list of currently installed certificates, open a command prompt and run the following command from the bin directory of the JRE. Certificates are used to secure transport-layer traffic (node-to-node communication within your cluster) and REST-layer traffic (communication between a client and a node within your cluster). The -list command by default prints the SHA-256 fingerprint of a certificate. 2. To create a PKCS#12 keystore for these tools, always specify a -destkeypass that is the same as -deststorepass. The cacerts file should contain only certificates of the CAs you trust. See Certificate Chains. I mport the certificate chain by using the following command: keytool -importcert -keystore $CATALINA_HOME/conf/keystore.p12 -trustcacerts -alias tomcat -keypass <truststore_password> -storepass <truststore_password> -file <certificatefilename> -storetype PKCS12 -providername JsafeJCE -keyalg RSA Copy This is the X.500 Distinguished Name (DN) of the entity. These options can appear for all commands operating on a keystore: This qualifier specifies the type of keystore to be instantiated. If such an attack took place, and you didnt check the certificate before you imported it, then you would be trusting anything the attacker signed, for example, a JAR file with malicious class files inside. If the original entry is protected with an entry password, then the password can be supplied with the -keypass option. A different reply format (defined by the PKCS #7 standard) includes the supporting certificate chain in addition to the issued certificate. For the certificate chain to be verifiable, you may need to add the CA certificate and intermediate certificates to the AWS CloudHSM key store. Save the file with a .cer extension (for example, chain.cer) or you can just simply click the Chain cert file button on the . If you press the Enter key at the prompt, then the key password is set to the same password as that used for the keystore. For Oracle Solaris, Linux, OS X, and Windows, you can list the default certificates with the following command: System administrators must change the initial password and the default access permission of the cacerts keystore file upon installing the SDK. Now a Certification Authority (CA) can act as a trusted third party. The term provider refers to a package or a set of packages that supply a concrete implementation of a subset of services that can be accessed by the Java Security API. For example, if keytool -genkeypair is called and the -keystore option isnt specified, the default keystore file named .keystore is created in the user's home directory if it doesnt already exist. It prints its contents in a human-readable format. If the destination alias already exists in the destination keystore, then the user is prompted either to overwrite the entry or to create a new entry under a different alias name. Only when the fingerprints are equal is it guaranteed that the certificate wasnt replaced in transit with somebody else's certificate such as an attacker's certificate. One way that clients can authenticate you is by importing your public key certificate into their keystore as a trusted entry. X.509 Version 2 introduced the concept of subject and issuer unique identifiers to handle the possibility of reuse of subject or issuer names over time. Constructed when the CA reply is a single certificate. keytool -import -alias joe -file jcertfile.cer. The keytool command is a key and certificate management utility. It generates v3 certificates. Inside each subvalue, the plus sign (+) means shift forward, and the minus sign (-) means shift backward. This certificate chain and the private key are stored in a new keystore entry identified by alias. In this case, a comma doesnt need to be escaped by a backslash (\). However, if this name (or OID) also appears in the honored value, then its value and criticality override that in the request. Private keys are used to compute signatures. For keytool and jarsigner, you can specify a keystore type at the command line, with the -storetype option. It allows users to create a single store, called a keystore, that can hold multiple certificates within it. Use the -genseckey command to generate a secret key and store it in a new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry identified by alias. {-providerclass class [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by fully qualified class name with an optional configure argument. Dec 10, 2014 at 13:42 Keytool doesn't work like this, and doesn't allow you to import an alias more than once as described. When you dont specify a required password option on a command line, you are prompted for it. In that case, the first certificate in the chain is returned. It is possible for there to be multiple different concrete implementations, where each implementation is that for a particular type of keystore. {-addprovider name [-providerarg arg]}: Add security provider by name (such as SunPKCS11) with an optional configure argument. Before you consider adding the certificate to your list of trusted certificates, you can execute a -printcert command to view its fingerprints, as follows: View the certificate first with the -printcert command or the -importcert command without the -noprompt option. The password value must contain at least six characters. If the SSL server is behind a firewall, then the -J-Dhttps.proxyHost=proxyhost and -J-Dhttps.proxyPort=proxyport options can be specified on the command line for proxy tunneling. Manually check the cert using keytool Check the chain using openSSL 1. In this case, no options are required, and the defaults are used for unspecified options that have default values. The default format used for these files is JKS until Java 8.. The following are the available options for the -gencert command: {-rfc}: Output in RFC (Request For Comment) style, {-alias alias}: Alias name of the entry to process, {-sigalg sigalg}: Signature algorithm name, {-startdate startdate}: Certificate validity start date and time, {-validity days}: Validity number of days. Import the Intermediate certificate 4. Extensions can be marked critical to indicate that the extension should be checked and enforced or used. Upload the PKCS#7 certificate file on the server. Currently, two command-line tools (keytool and jarsigner) make use of keystore implementations. keytool -list -v -keystore new.keystore -storepass keystorepw If it imported properly, you should see the full certificate chain here. The following are the available options for the -importcert command: {-trustcacerts}: Trust certificates from cacerts, {-protected}: Password is provided through protected mechanism. 1. The CA authenticates you, the requestor (usually offline), and returns a certificate, signed by them, authenticating your public key. By default, this command prints the SHA-256 fingerprint of a certificate. This option doesnt contain any spaces. This example specifies an initial passwd required by subsequent commands to access the private key associated with the alias duke. If the -noprompt option is specified, then there is no interaction with the user. This sample command imports the certificate (s) in the file jcertfile.cer and stores it in the keystore entry identified by the alias joe. A certificate is a digitally signed statement from one entity (person, company, and so on), which says that the public key (and some other information) of some other entity has a particular value. Ensure that the displayed certificate fingerprints match the expected ones. The user can provide only one part, which means the other part is the same as the current date (or time). You can enter the command as a single line such as the following: The command creates the keystore named mykeystore in the working directory (provided it doesnt already exist), and assigns it the password specified by -keypass. The root CA public key is widely known. The following are the available options for the -printcrl command: Use the -printcrl command to read the Certificate Revocation List (CRL) from -file crl . When the -Joption is used, the specified option string is passed directly to the Java interpreter. The security properties file is called java.security, and resides in the security properties directory: Oracle Solaris, Linux, and macOS: java.home/lib/security. The keytool command supports the following subparts: organizationUnit: The small organization (such as department or division) name. Each destination entry is stored under the alias from the source entry. Subject name: The name of the entity whose public key the certificate identifies. The keytool command also enables users to cache the public keys (in the form of certificates) of their communicating peers. If a password is not provided, then the user is prompted for it. It is also possible to generate self-signed certificates. Existing entries are overwritten with the destination alias name. Wraps the public key in an X.509 v3 self-signed certificate, which is stored as a single-element certificate chain. Version 2 certificates arent widely used. Using this certificate implies trusting the entity that signed this certificate. However, the trust into the root's public key doesnt come from the root certificate itself, but from other sources such as a newspaper. This old name is still supported in this release. If a destination alias isnt provided with -destalias, then -srcalias is used as the destination alias. Keystore implementations are provider-based. When len is omitted, the resulting value is ca:true. Since Java 9, though, the default keystore format is PKCS12.The biggest difference between JKS and PKCS12 is that JKS is a format specific to Java, while PKCS12 is a standardized and language-neutral way of storing . For example, CN, cn, and Cn are all treated the same. Private Keys: These are numbers, each of which is supposed to be known only to the particular entity whose private key it is (that is, it is supposed to be kept secret). If interoperability with older releases of the JDK is important, make sure that the defaults are supported by those releases. See Commands and Options for a description of these commands with their options. To provide a keystore implementation, clients must implement a provider and supply a KeystoreSpi subclass implementation, as described in Steps to Implement and Integrate a Provider. If the certificate is read from a file or stdin, then it might be either binary encoded or in printable encoding format, as defined by the RFC 1421 Certificate Encoding standard. If the -new option isnt provided at the command line, then the user is prompted for it. Calling the person who sent the certificate, and comparing the fingerprints that you see with the ones that they show or that a secure public key repository shows. All you do is import the new certificate using the same alias as the old one. Before you add the root CA certificate to your keystore, you should view it with the -printcert option and compare the displayed fingerprint with the well-known fingerprint obtained from a newspaper, the root CA's Web page, and so on. Interesting to note that keytool creates a chain for your certificate itself when it finds the signers' certificates in the keystore (under any alias). Solution 1. To generate a CSR, you can use on of the following. Convert a DER-formatted certificate called local-ca.der to PEM form like this: $ sudo openssl x509 -inform der -outform pem -in local-ca.der -out local-ca.crt. 1. It is assumed that CAs only create valid and reliable certificates because they are bound by legal agreements. Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this site For example, JKS would be considered the same as jks. Each certificate in the chain (after the first) authenticates the public key of the signer of the previous certificate in the chain. A CSR is intended to be sent to a CA. The following notes apply to the descriptions in Commands and Options: All command and option names are preceded by a hyphen sign (-). You use the keytool command and options to manage a keystore (database) of cryptographic keys, X.509 certificate chains, and trusted certificates. 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keytool remove certificate chain