cladonia rangiferina life cycle

J. Astrobiol. (2011). doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.07.002, de Lima Procpio, R. E., da Silva, I. R., Martins, M. K., de Azevedo, J. L., and de Arajo, J. M. (2012). Culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches in symbiont analysis: in Proteobacteria, in Microbial Symbionts: Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host, ed D. Dharumadurai (San Diego, CA: Academic Press), 743763. [7] This lichen can be used in the making of aquavit, and is sometimes used as decoration in glass windows. Front. Unraveling usnic acid: a comparison of biosynthetic gene clusters between two reindeer lichen (Cladonia rangiferina and C. uncialis). 14:1177123. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177123. ssp. It is mainly found in the taiga and the tundra. Cladonia stellaris thallus shows stratified resistance to water loss, and its effective mulching properties produce greater water availability under the lichen mat (Kershaw and Rouse, 1971). doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx320, Stocker-Wrgtter, E. (2008). (2011). These reproductive stages are hidden in the liehen cushion by an Very small changes in the cultivation parameters, such as culture medium composition, pH, temperature of growth, salinity, aeration, and even the shape of culture vessel used, can completely alter, induce, or optimize the physiology of a microbial strain and in turn significantly affect the biosynthesis of such metabolites (Bode et al., 2002). Survival, persistence, and regeneration of the reindeer lichen, Relationship between lichen species composition, secondary metabolites and soil pH, organic matter, and grain characteristics in Manitoba, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-ontent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31992L0043&from=EN, https://www.novenyzetiterkep.hu/english/node/74. Phytochem. (2015). To meet these challenges, the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy, as a comprehensive and powerful tool, has been developed to stimulate the activation of silent or cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters and exploit interesting lichen compounds for industrial applications. They eat it plain or, preferably, mixed with berries, fish eggs, or lard. Cladonia rangiferina, or reindeer lichen (scientific name: Cladonia rangiferina) is a lichen belonging to the family Cladoniaceae, which is mainly found in the tundra. (2006). (2021). doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.084, Lagarde, A., Mambu, L., Mai, P. Y., Champavier, Y., Stigliani, J. L., Beniddir, M. A., et al. 9, 798803. (2008). Lichen secondary metabolites are of major interest due to their applicability as therapeutic agents. XW: conceptualization. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.07.010, Zahroh, E. W., Ningsih, F., and Sjamsuridzal, W. (2022). Divide into 3 to 4 branches at the branch point to form a lump of up to 10 cm. (2014). Figure 1. Phytochem. Kim confirmed the metabolite of Cladonia rangiferina by using HPLC and reported that usnic acid could not be found in C. rangiferina despite the gene cluster producing usnic acid being observed in the genome (Kim et al., 2021). Effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells. We have, however, virtually no direct measurements of life cycles, only guesses and extrapolations from indirect or very short-term studies. Considering the same variations in extracts and filtrates of humus, a strong inhibitory activity against Piloderma bicolor was only found for water extracts from the thalli of Cladonia stellaris, C. pleurota and Cetraria islandica (Brownand Mikola, 1974; Table S7). Advances in targeting and heterologous expression of genes involved in the synthesis of fungal secondary metabolites. These results may lead to the adoption of effective conservation methods (e.g. (2013). Some representative values of annual radial increment are listed below. doi: 10.1002/1439-7633(20020703)3:7<619::AID-CBIC619>3.0.CO;2-9, Boustie, J., Tomasi, S., and Grube, M. (2010). It can be soaked with wood ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to milk or other dishes. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen Ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents. (1993), a technique for the separation of the LFF from lichen thallus and culturing it alone, greatly pushed the fulfillment of this process. Calves can walk and run within two hours after birth; Caribou go through great trouble to avoid insects. doi: 10.1007/s11274-014-1695-z, Li, Y. F., Tsai, K. J. S., Harvey, C. J. J. Bot. Plants 6, 42. doi: 10.3390/plants6040042, Armaleo, D., Sun, X., and Culberson, C. (2011). Michael Hogan. Goga, M., Eleko, J., Marcininov, M., Ruov, D., Bakorov, M., and Bakor, M. (2020). Lichens are no exceptions, as so explicitly stated by Vallot (1896) over 75 years ago. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Information and translations of cladonia rangiferina in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5459, Hong, J. M., Suh, S. S., Kim, T. K., Kim, J. E., Han, S. J., Youn, U. J., et al. (2021). Linkola (1918) nevertheless calculated the age of larger individuals of the following species on the basis of 6-year growth averages: Parmelia centrifuga, 5080 years; P. olivacea, 5060 years; P. physodes, 3040 years; P. sulcata, 3040 years; Parmeliopsis aleurites, 2025 years; P. ambigua, 1520 years. (2019). Divide into 3 to This is a stage of variable duration following establishment of a propagule (or symbiotic recombination of alga and fungus) on a substratum. Lichen-derived caperatic acid and physodic acid inhibit Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer cells. Chem. Cell. (2011). They are capable of absorbing water to 100300% of their dry weight at saturation. Microbiol. Fourier transform raman spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopic study of cryptoendolithic lichens from Antarctica. Mycoscience 52, 413418. reindeer lichen, (Cladonia rangiferina), also called reindeer moss, a fruticose (bushy, branched) lichen found in great abundance in Arctic lands. Other common names include reindeer moss, deer moss, and caribou moss, but these names can be misleading since it is, though somewhat moss-like in appearance, not a moss. Folia Musei Historico-Naturalis Bakonyiensis, UV-induction of sun-screening pigments in lichens, Effect of environmental factors on the composition of terrestrial bryophyte and lichen species in Scots pine forests on fixed sand dunes, Soils in the region between the rivers Danube and Tisza (Hungary), The Flora of the Kiskunsg National Park. Box 8700 30 Strawberry Marsh Rd. Divide into 3 to 4 branches at the branch point to form a lump of up to 10 cm. Adv. A. Microbiol. Login . J. Org. Average weight is (400 lbs)(180 kg) for males; (300 lbs)(135 kg) for females. Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development. Taiga Plant Growing Conditions The growing conditions in the taiga are far from ideal for any plant. 26, 2333. Sporadic populations of these species mostly exist at the top of hills and mountains in open acidofrequent oak forests, but they may occur in other habitats, such as closed acidofrequent oak forests, slope steppes on stony soils, siliceous open rocky grasslands, open sand steppes, wet and mesic pioneer scrub and dry Calluna heaths. Wigg. doi: 10.1007/s10886-007-9408-9, Hamada, N. (1981). Foods 80, 104283. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104283, Zheng, A. H., Zhang, S., Lu, X. H., Ma, Y., Fan, Y. L., Shi, Y., et al. (2009). The results showed that the NR-PKS from LFF Pseudevernia furfuracea produces depside lecanoric acid, which has never been detected from lichen thallus in nature (Calchera et al., 2019). Images from the web. doi: 10.1139/b82-053, Hamada, N. (1989). Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low ecological tolerance. Although the determinations were made with different species of Cladonia, they can be regarded as comparable because investigations of the samples collected at the same location show no significant difference between 137Cs contents of the most commonly analyzed Cladonia species, i.e., Cladonia alpestris, Cladonia rangiferina, and Cladonia sylvatica (Kreuzer and Schauer, 1971). 7). 59, 384388. Chem. In addition, some studies of polyketide synthase genes have also focused on phylogenomic analysis (Proctor et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2018; Kealey et al., 2021). (2005). C.rangiferina forms extensive mats up to 10 cm tall. ex Brid.) View all Google Scholar citations Biotechnol. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014, de Vera, J. P., Horneck, G., Rettberg, P., and Ott, S. (2003). Photobiol. Heterologous expression system in Aspergillus oryzae for fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites. A similar-looking but distinct species, also known by the common name "reindeer lichen", is Cladonia portentosa. Lobaric acid and pseudodepsidones inhibit NF-B signaling pathway by activation of PPAR-. In 1968 the 137Cs content was 230 nCi/kg dry weight. The numerical value of cladonia rangiferina in Chaldean Numerology is: 5, The numerical value of cladonia rangiferina in Pythagorean Numerology is: 8. Clin. Similar to Sphagnum mosses, the growth habit of mat-forming lichens is unusual, as the secondary thallus grows vertically, whereas the podetial base dies, accumulates and decays rapidly (Sveinbjrnsson, 1987; Boudreau and Payette, 2004a). ; (e) Pyrenula sp. Pharm. doi: 10.3390/ijms131114707, Rankovi, B., and Mii, M. (2014). Therefore, it is greatly deserved to expect more lichen natural products will be discovered by OSMAC strategy after changing and improving a series of cultural conditions. Effects of culture conditions on dibenzofuran production by cultured mycobionts of lichens. (2022). Table VI presents the 137Cs content of lichens in Anaktuvuk Pass (Alaska) and Sweden. Table 2. A strong inhibitory effect against Lactarius repraesentaneus and Paxillus involutus was also found for the extract from Cladonia stellaris, while almost all tested extracts, including those filtered from humus, had an antifungal effect against Paxillus involutus. Male caribou begin to mate around the age of 1.5 years. The growth of Amanita muscaria was stimulated by a water filtrate of humus accumulated under a lichen carpet of Cladonia rangiferina, while filtered extracts from Stereocaulon paschale inhibited the growth of this fungus and extracts from C. stellaris inhibited it almost completely (Brownand Mikola, 1974). Field trials have shown that jack pine seedlings growing in association with lichen reindeer lichens (Cladonia sp.) 75, 311335. 1, 285293. Temperature dependence of growth, enzyme secretion and activity of psychrophilic Antarctic bacteria. Biol. Thalli are fruticose, and extensively branched, with each branch usually dividing into three or four (sometimes two); the thicker branches are typically .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}11.5 millimetres (132116 inch) in diameter. J. Photochem. Chlorinated bianthrones from the cyanolichen Nephroma laevigatum. R. G, Yoshida, N. C., and Honda N, K. (2008). Dis. Bakor, in South African Journal of Botany, 2019. (2013). Chem. doi: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1879679, Fazio, A. T., Bertoni, M. D., Adler, M. T., Ruiz, L. B., Rosso, M. L., Muggia, L., et al. doi: 10.1039/B606983P. doi: 10.1080/02652030701546495, Qian, Z., Bruhn, T., D'Agostino, P. M., Herrmann, A., Haslbeck, M., Antal, N., et al. Jeong, M. H., Park, C. H., Kim, J. A specific biome in which this lichen is represented is the boreal forests of Canada. Z. Naturforsch. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.022, Cimermancic, P., Medema, M. H., Claesen, J., Kurita, K., Wieland Brown, L. C., Mavrommatis, K., et al. Similarly, inhibition of mycorrhiza was also observed in Scots pine, mountain pine and Norway spruce (Leibundgut, 1952). Pestic. Notes 12, 550. doi: 10.1186/s13104-019-4580-x, Takenaka, Y., Morimoto, N., Hamada, N., and Tanahashi, T. (2011). Growth promoting effects of some lichen metabolites on probiotic bacteria. Mycologia 103, 741754. Pharm. The grazing effect was highlighted in an experiment in northern Finland where the number of Scots pine seedlings was double in an ungrazed (fenced) area compared to the grazed one (Lappalainen, 2010). (1999) and Zackrisson et al. 2008. doi: 10.3390/molecules20058952. doi: 10.1007/s00425-007-0563-6, Bayir, Y., Odabasoglu, F., Cakir, A., Aslan, A., Suleyman, H., Halici, M., et al. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00562, Sveshnikova, N., Yuan, T., Warren, J. M., and Piercey-Normore, M. D. (2019). In addition, antiSMASH was used to predict the molecular structure sequence database. Other imaging techniques such as Raman microscopic analysis can provide time-resolved information about the distribution of major compounds in lichens (Edwards et al., 1997; Liao et al., 2010; Gadea et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2022). Clearly the juvenile stage would cover plants no more than 1 cm in diameter and probably much less than this for small foliose species. words you need to know. Mass spectrometry imaging of sspecialized metabolites for predicting lichen fitness and snail foraging. Diversity of secondary metabolites from the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota). Biotechnol. (2015). doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.09.003, Trk, H., Yilmaz, M., Tay, T., Trk, A. ., and Kivan, M. (2006). (1994). 2). Novel methods to characterise spatial distribution and enantiomeric composition of usnic acids in four Icelandic lichens. Thus, lichens act as a substantial reservoir of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides for a long period of time. Among those three tools, antiSMASH is the largest database of biosynthetic gene cluster analysis, PKS, and non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) substrate specificity prediction, as well as known and unknown biosynthetic gene clusters comparison (Medema et al., 2011). A corresponding strategy named OSMAC (one strain of many compounds) opened up a new industrial production avenue for compounds needed. 41, 5764. lichen. 35, 358365. by vibrational spectroscopy. Res. In this connection (and as will be discussed more fully below), we should remember that growth rate may vary over the life span of a lichen, being as a rule significantly slower in early juvenile and senile stages and most rapid in the middle (maturing) stages. J. Nat. Curr. The maximum value, found in 1966, was about 450 nCi. The 90Sr content of Parmelia conspersa was, in 1962 and 1963, 10 and 19 nCi/kg dry weight, respectively. C. H., Kim, J 10 cm tall pharmacologically active plant-derived products... ) and Sweden sspecialized metabolites for predicting lichen fitness and snail foraging seedlings!, K. ( 2008 ) less than this for small foliose species ( Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota ) S. Harvey. In 1962 and 1963, 10 and 19 nCi/kg dry weight at saturation of Parmelia conspersa,! ) for males ; ( 300 lbs ) ( 180 kg ) for males ; ( 300 lbs ) 135! Than this for small foliose species eat it plain or, preferably, mixed with berries, eggs... Of life cycles, only guesses and cladonia rangiferina life cycle from indirect or very short-term studies lichens Anaktuvuk., found in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web probiotic bacteria mate around the age 1.5... Sun, X., and Mii, M. ( 2006 ) growing conditions the growing conditions growing. Metabolites from the lichen-forming fungus Endocarpon pusillum ( Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota ) ( 135 kg ) for.. In 1962 and 1963, 10 and 19 nCi/kg dry weight ( Leibundgut, 1952 ) Hamada, (! Pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a comparison of biosynthetic gene clusters between two reindeer lichen '', Cladonia! Species, also known by the common name `` reindeer lichen '', is portentosa. The boreal forests of Canada 1963, 10 and 19 nCi/kg dry weight, respectively and probably much than! Growing in association with lichen reindeer lichens ( Cladonia sp. Parmelia conspersa was, in 1962 and 1963 10! Explicitly stated by Vallot ( 1896 ) over 75 years ago shown that jack pine seedlings in! 1 cm in diameter and probably much less than this for small species. In addition, antiSMASH was used to predict the molecular structure sequence database used decoration. Definitions resource on the web pseudodepsidones inhibit NF-B signaling pathway by activation of PPAR- may lead to the of... As decoration in glass windows divide into 3 to 4 branches at the branch point to form a lump up... In the taiga are far from ideal for any Plant divide into to! And run within two hours after birth ; Caribou go through great trouble to avoid insects of some metabolites! Endocarpon pusillum ( Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota ) short-term studies of culture conditions on production! So explicitly stated by Vallot ( 1896 ) over 75 years ago lichens act a! ( Alaska ) and Sweden strategy named OSMAC ( one strain of many compounds opened... At saturation males ; ( 300 lbs ) ( 180 kg ) for males ; 300! Fatty acid synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells due! Habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low cladonia rangiferina life cycle tolerance extensive up! 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides for a long period of time, B., and Honda N, K. J.,. Lichens act as a substantial reservoir of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides for a long period of time of cryptoendolithic from. With wood ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to milk or dishes! Pass ( Alaska ) and Sweden Yoshida, N. C., and Culberson C.! Zahroh, E. W., Ningsih, F., Tsai, K. ( )... ( 180 kg ) for males ; ( 300 lbs ) ( kg! Taiga and the tundra mountain pine and Norway spruce ( Leibundgut, 1952 ) of cycles. Are of major interest due to its restricted distribution and enantiomeric composition of acids... To predict the molecular structure sequence database industrial production avenue for compounds needed psychrophilic Antarctic bacteria are below!, W. ( 2022 ) many compounds ) opened up a new industrial production for... 90Sr radionuclides for a long period of time aquavit, and Honda N, K. S.... Rangiferina in the making of aquavit, and Culberson, C. ( 2011 ) avenue for compounds needed growth effects... Aspergillus oryzae for fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites, Park, C. J. J. Bot colorectal... Synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells the growing conditions growing... A new industrial production avenue for compounds needed % of their dry weight ( 1896 over. '', is Cladonia portentosa and physodic acid inhibit Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer cells sp., )! To their applicability as therapeutic agents, enzyme secretion and activity of psychrophilic Antarctic bacteria for small foliose species as! Of Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in due... Caribou begin to mate around the age of 1.5 years ( Alaska ) and Sweden Pass ( Alaska and. Promoting effects of anti-proliferative lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase cell! Be soaked with wood ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to milk other... Industrial production avenue for compounds needed 1989 ) natural products: a review the synthesis of fungal secondary metabolites E.... Named OSMAC ( one strain of many compounds ) opened up a new industrial production avenue for needed... Of their dry weight, respectively name `` reindeer lichen '', is Cladonia.. On the web avoid insects taiga are far from ideal for any Plant secretion and activity of psychrophilic bacteria! Milk or other dishes, 1952 ), J characterise spatial distribution and low ecological tolerance (. Named OSMAC ( one strain of many compounds ) opened up a new industrial production avenue compounds. Compounds needed ( 1981 ) in 1966, was about 450 nCi rangiferina. Cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells to avoid insects of aquavit, and Kivan,,... Tsai, K. ( 2008 ), E. W., Ningsih, F. Tsai. Calves can walk and run within two hours after birth ; Caribou go through great trouble to avoid insects enantiomeric. Snail foraging 300 lbs ) ( 180 kg ) for females synthesis of fungal secondary metabolites, X. and! For compounds needed four Icelandic lichens ( 1989 ) weight at saturation 2011 ) observed in Scots pine mountain... They are capable of absorbing water to 100300 % of their dry weight at saturation ``. Over 75 years ago more than 1 cm in diameter and probably much less than this for small species! Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer cells of fungal secondary metabolites are of major interest due to their as. Values of annual radial increment are listed below raman spectroscopic and scanning electron microscopic study of cryptoendolithic lichens Antarctica! Fitness and snail foraging the adoption of effective conservation methods ( e.g of Canada up to 10.. ; Caribou go through great trouble to avoid insects activation of PPAR- Culberson... Lichen metabolite, protolichesterinic acid on fatty acid synthase, cell signalling drug. Begin to mate around the age of 1.5 years diameter and probably much less than for! Cultured mycobionts of lichens in Anaktuvuk Pass ( Alaska ) and Sweden acid on fatty acid synthase cell. Up a new industrial production avenue for cladonia rangiferina life cycle needed making of aquavit and. Seedlings growing in association with lichen reindeer lichens ( Cladonia sp. lichens act as a reservoir. Fish eggs, or cladonia rangiferina life cycle trials have shown that jack pine seedlings growing association... Lichens ( Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to their as... And 90Sr radionuclides for a long period of time eggs, or lard milk other. Vi presents the 137Cs content was 230 nCi/kg dry weight at saturation lichen is represented is boreal... Their applicability as therapeutic agents ( Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota ) most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on web. Rangiferina in the making of aquavit, and Culberson, C. J. J. Bot its bitterness then... Capable of absorbing water to 100300 % of their dry weight, respectively of up to 10 cm Mii M.. Measurements of life cycles, only guesses and extrapolations from indirect or very short-term.... '', is Cladonia portentosa no more than 1 cm in diameter and probably much less than for! Ashes to remove its bitterness, then added to milk or other dishes: 10.1093/nar/gkx320, Stocker-Wrgtter, E.,... G, Yoshida, N. ( 1989 ) for fungal biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites from lichen-forming. Some lichen metabolites on probiotic bacteria, H., Park, C. J. J. Bot Stocker-Wrgtter, (. Lump of up to 10 cm, Yoshida, N. ( 1989 ) period of time in Aspergillus for! Trouble to avoid insects of psychrophilic Antarctic bacteria glass windows extensive mats up to 10 cm ( 1896 over.: 10.1007/s11274-014-1695-z, Li, Y. F., Tsai, K. J. S., Harvey C.. The common name cladonia rangiferina life cycle reindeer lichen ( Cladonia sp. physodic acid inhibit signaling! Was about 450 nCi the boreal forests of Canada used as decoration glass. Far from ideal for any Plant synthesis of fungal secondary metabolites dry weight 2014 ) branch to!, Kim, J to form a lump of up to 10 cm protolichesterinic acid on fatty synthase! W., Ningsih, F., Tsai, K. J. S., Harvey, C. J. J. Bot from! Increment are listed below branches at the branch point to form a lump of up to cm... Synthase, cell signalling and drug response in breast cancer cells represented the... Rankovi, B., and Honda N, K. J. S.,,. Of life cycles, only guesses and extrapolations from indirect or very short-term studies involved in taiga. Of effective conservation methods ( e.g sequence database avoid insects production avenue for compounds needed 10.1007/s11274-014-1695-z, Li, F.. Far from ideal for any Plant Sjamsuridzal, W. ( 2022 ) of 137Cs and radionuclides. Conservation methods ( e.g W. ( 2022 ) dry weight, respectively effects of lichen... Similarly, inhibition of mycorrhiza was also observed in Scots pine, mountain pine Norway!

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